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Table 6 (Diaz-Guzman, Castellanos): Prevalence rate (per 1,000 population) of oral mucosal lesions found by screening clinic staff in patients seeking dental care from the University of Bajjo, Mexico, School of Dentistry, 1982-1989.  Average patient age: 32.6 years (range: 15-80).  Population size: 7,292

Reference: Diaz-Guzman L, Castellanos JL. Lesiones de la mucosa bucal. Estudio epidemiologico en 7,292 pacientes. Revista adm 1991 48:75-83.

Oral Lesion

# Lesions/1000

Males Females Total

Frictional keratosis

38.7

16.6

2.4

Traumatic ulcer

22.1

16.2

18.1

Chronic atrophic candidiasis

13.6

17.4

16.2

Irritation fibroma

12.8

15.0

14.3

Leukoedema

20.0

4.9

9.7

Herpes labialis

8.9

7.1

7.7

Aphthous ulcer

5.1

4.2

4.5

Papillary hyperplasia

6.0

3.2

3.4

Papilloma

3.8

3.2

3.4

Migratory glossitis

5.5

1.8

3.0

Epulis fissuratum

3.0

2.4

2.6

Angular cheilitis

0.8

2.8

2.2

Erythroplakia

3.0

1.4

1.9

Ginigival hyperplasia, Dilantin

2.1

1.2

1.5

Lichen planus

1.7

1.2

1.4

Formocresol burn

1.7

1.0

1.2

Traumatic erythema (contusion)

1.7

0.6

1.0

Mucocele

0.4

1.0

0.8

Xerostomic erythema

1.7

0.4

0.8

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

1.3

0.4

0.7

Verruca vulgaris

0.8

0.6

0.7

Pyogenic granuloma

0.0

0.8

0.6

Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis

0.8

0.4

0.6

Minor salivary gland neoplasm

0.0

0.8

0.6

Nicotinic stomatitis

1.3

0.0

0.4

Intraoral herpes simplex

0.8

0.2

0.4

Focal epithelial hyperplasia

0.0

0.6

0.4

Allergic stomatitis

0.0

0.4

0.3

Squamous cell carcinoma

0.4

0.0

0.1

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

0.4

0.0

0.1

Cleft palate

0.0

0.2

0.1

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

0.0

0.2

0.1

Hairy tongue

0.4

0.0

0.1

Oral melanotic macule

0.0

0.2

0.1

Herpangina

0.0

0.2

0.1

Quiste de origen dental

0.4

0.0

0.1

Double lip

0.0

0.2

0.1

Lipoma

0.0

0.2

0.1

Tattoo, graphic

0.4

0.0

0.1

Total:

163.4

109.4

126.8

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Table 7 (Ikeda, et al): Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for oral lesions in patients attending a dental school screening clinic in Cambodia.

Reference: Ikeda N, Handa Y, Khim SP, Durward C, et al. Prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in a selected Cambodian population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995; 23:49-54.

 

Diagnosis

# lesions/1,000 population *

Males

Females

Total

Lichen planus

0.0

25.0

18.0

Candidiasis

22.0

10.0

14.0

Leukoplakia

22.0

6.0

11.0

Angular cheilitis

 

 

5.0

Smokeless tobacco keratosis

 

 

2.0

Glossitis, NOS

 

 

2.0

Submucous fibrosis

 

 

2.0

Squamous cell carcinoma

 

 

1.0

Papilloma

 

 

1.0

Total:

 

 

53.0

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Table 8 (Zachariah, et al): Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for oral mucosal lesions found in adult villagers in South India.

Zachariah J, et al. Frequency of oral mucosal lesions among 5000 individuals in Trivandrum, South India. J All-India Dental Assoc 1966;38:290.

Clinical Diagnosis

# Lesions/1000 Persons

Males Females Total

Frictional keratosis

     

Traumatic ulcer

     

Chronic atrophic candidiasis

     

Irritation fibroma

     

Leukoedema

     

Herpes labialis

     

Aphthous ulcer

     

Papillary hyperplasia

     

Papilloma

     

Migratory glossitis

     

Epulis fissuratum

     

Angular cheilitis

     

Erythroplakia

     

Ginigival hyperplasia, Dilantin

     

Lichen planus

     

Traumatic erythema (contusion)

     

Mucocele

     

Xerostomic erythema

     

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis

     

Verruca vulgaris

     

Pyogenic granuloma

     

Minor salivary gland neoplasm

     

Nicotinic stomatitis

     

Intraoral herpes simplex

 

   

Focal epithelial hyperplasia

     

Allergic stomatitis

     

Squamous cell carcinoma

     

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

     

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

     

Hairy tongue

     

Oral melanotic macule

     

Herpangina

     

Double lip

     

Lipoma

 

   

Total:

 

 

 

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Table 9 (Prout, et al):  Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for select oral mucosal lesions in tobacco smokers over 40 years of age attending a multiphasic screening clinic in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Reference: Prout MN, Sidari JN, Witzburg RA, et al. Head and neck cancer screening among 4611 tobacco users older than forty years. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 116:201-208.

Diagnosis

# Lesions

# Lesions/
1000 Persons

White patches, total

51

11.1

Leukoplakia

15

3.3

Frictional keratosis

36

7.8

Erythroplakia

1

0.2

Benign mass, NOS (not otherwise specified)

6

1.3

Mucocele

1

0.2

Papilloma

2

0.4

Irritation fibroma/epulis

3

0.7

Hemangioma

1

0.2

Mucosal cyst

1

0.2

Necrotizing sialometaplasia

1

0.2

Ulcer, hypertrophy, neoplasm

16

3.5

Squamous cell carcinoma

1

0.2

Basal cell carcinoma

1

0.2

Chronic tonsillar hyperplasia

1

0.2

Total

135

29.3

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Table 10 (Baciero):  Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for oral mucosal lesions in elderly Spaniards in nursing homes.

Reference: Bracieroro

Oral Lesions

# Lesions

# Lesions/
1000 Persons

White patches, total

Leukoplakia

Frictional keratosis

Erythroplakia

Benign mass, NOS (not otherwise specified)

Mucocele

Papilloma

Irritation fibroma/epulis

Hemangioma

Mucosal cyst

Necrotizing sialometaplasia

Ulcer, hypertrophy, neoplasm

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Chronic tonsillar hyperplasia

Total

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Table 11 (Fatahzadeh, et al.): Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for oral mucosal lesions found in 1,125 adults attending a community oral screening and oral health education program in New York City and Newark, New Jersey.  63% were women; the mean age was 60 +- 27 years (no significant difference between genders); 22% used tobacco regularly; 41% used alcohol regularly.

Reference: Fatahzadeh M, Kano G, Sirois D. Epidemiologic study of oral mucosal lesions in 1125 community residents. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89:442. (abstract)

Clinical Diagnosis

# Lesions/1000 Persons

Leukoplakia

171

Traumatic ulcer

123

Melanotic macule/racial pigmentation

84

Irritation fibroma

77

Aphthous ulcer

55

Geographic tongue

48

Candidiasis, NOS

42

Miscellaneous *

158

Total:

210

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* includes: mucocele, papilloma, hemangioma, herpes simplex virus lesions, lichen planus, etc.


 

Table 12 (Hand, Whitehill): Prevalence rates (per 1,000  persons) for oral mucosal lesions in elderly Americans.

Reference: Hand JS, Whitehill JM. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an elderly population. J Amer Dent Assoc 1986; 112:73-76.

Clinical Diagnosis

# Lesions/
1,000 Persons *

Leukoplakia

11

Traumatic ulcer

59

Aphthous ulcer

8

Epulis fissuratum

8

Papillary hyperplasia

8

Mucocele

2

Frictional keratosis (cheek bite)

5

Candidiasis

0.5

Denture stomatitis

38

Vascular mass (hemangioma?)

2

Benign neoplasm, NOS

4

Chronic mucositis, not denture-related

1.3

Other mass, NOS

8

Other mucosal changes, NOS

18

Vascular macule

1.3

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Table 13 (Guggenheimer, et al): Prevalence rates (per 1,000 persons) for oral mucosal lesions found in 673 persons (268 controls and 405 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, i.e. EDC Study: Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study). 32 subjects were less than 20 years of age, 131 were more than 40 years old; about 50% males.

References: Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie, Myers D, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies. I. Prevalence and characteristics of non-candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 2000; 89:563-569.
Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie, Myers D, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies. II. Prevalence and characteristics of Candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 2000; 89:563-569.

Clinical Diagnosis

# Lesions/1000 Persons

Controls
(n=268)
IDDM Patients
(n=405)
P Value

Gingivitis, marginal

90 94 

Migratory glossitis

34 54 

Aphthous ulcer

30 15 

Smooth red tongue (diffuse atrophic glossitis)

22 89  <.001

Parotid enlargement

22 30 

Gingival hyperplasia

15 17 

Denture stomatitis (denture sore mouth)

15  47  <.05

Traumatic ulcer

11 35 <.05

Angular cheilitis

11 32 

Herpes labialis

7

Lichen planus

7 5

Fissured tongue

4 54  <.0001

Irritation fibroma

4 25  <.05

Fistulous tract, dental

4 10 

Epulis fissuratum

0

Gingivitis, extensive

0

Candidiasis, pseudomembranous

4

Papilloma

4 2

Median rhomboid glossitis

4 2 <.0001

Total:

250

444

<.0001

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