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Painful 5-day old ulcer has diffuse red halo around it and shows new blood vessels forming in the ulcer bed, which otherwise is covered by white, fibrinoid necrotic debris.

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The aphthous ulcer or canker sore is a very common and painful ulceration or local destruction caused by a variety of factors, especially involving the immune system, and is often a hypersensitivity reaction to a food or oral micro-organism.  The disease may run in families and ulcers usually remain less than 1 cm. in size.  Some persons have large numbers of deep ulcers and are seldom without mouth ulcers, but most have only the occasional 1-3 ulcers occurring once a month or every few months.  The ulcers usually start during the teens or twenties, but may begin in childhood or in middle age.  An attack usually lasts 5-10 days, with individual ulcers slowly enlarging over several days.  There is no effective treatment, but some patients are helped by local or systemic corticosteroids, topical or systemic tetracycline.  The mouth ulcers may be associated with blood or intestinal or skin diseases.

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Candidiasis

           White colonies of yeast under upper denture.

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